Young Living Success

Report from Manchester University on the Effectiveness of Therapeutic Essential oils

Essential Oils Could Stamp Out Spread Of MRSA (21 December 2004)

Essential oils usually used in aromatherapy have been found to kill the deadly MRSA bacteria according to research carried out at The University of Manchester. Tests revealed that three essential oils killed MRSA and E. coli as well as many other bacteria and fungi within just two minutes of contact. The oils can easily be blended and made into soaps and shampoos which could be used by hospital staff, doctors and patients in a bid to eradicate the spread of these deadly `super bugs'. Researchers are now desperately looking for funding to develop their work and carry out a clinical trial.

Peter Warn from the University's Faculty of Medicine who worked on the research said: 'We believe that our discovery could revolutionize the fight to combat MRSA and other `super bugs', but we need to carry out a trial and to do that we need a small amount of funding ' around £30,000. 'We are having problems finding this funding because essential oils cannot be patented as they are naturally occurring, so few drug companies are interested in our work as they do not see it as commercially viable. Obviously, we find this very frustrating as we believe our findings could help to stamp out MRSA and save lives,' added Peter, who is based at Hope Hospital.

Essential oils are chemical compounds found within aromatic plants, which the plants use to fight off infections. Researchers tested 40 essential oils against ten of the most deadly bacteria and fungi. Two of these oils killed MRSA and E. coli almost instantly, while a third was shown to act over a longer period of time, meaning that any soaps or shampoos made by blending these three oils would be effective over a period of time. Jacqui Stringer who is Clinical Lead of Complementary Therapies at the Christie Hospital instigated the research and said: 'The use of plants in medicine is nothing new but some people regard the use of essential oils as unconventional. Our research shows a very practical application which could be of enormous benefit to the NHS and its patients. 'The reason essential oils are so effective is because they are made up of a complex mixture of chemical compounds which the MRSA and other super bug bacteria finds difficult to resist. The problem with current treatments is that they are made of single compounds which MRSA relatively quickly becomes resistant to, so treatment is only successful in around 50% of cases. 'While a wide range of products currently exist to help prevent the spread of MRSA these are often unpleasant for patients as their application can cause skin irritation. MRSA is often carried inside the nose which means that patients often have to insert treatments up their nostrils, whereas these essential oils can simply be inhaled to prevent the patient being at risk,' added Jacqui. Jacqui works with leukaemia patients at the Christie Hospital using essential oils to help in their treatment. Patients receiving treatment for cancer and leukaemia are often left with weakened immune systems which makes them vulnerable to infection from MRSA. The National Audit Office estimates that infections such as MRSA kill 5,000 people each year and hospital-acquired infections cost the NHS around £1 billion a year. For further information contact Rachael McGraw, Media Relations Officer at The University of Manchester on 0161 275 2111 or at rachael.s.mcgraw@manchester.ac.uk Last updated: Tue, 21 Dec 2004 11:41:23 GMT

Myrrh Essential Oil

'Gift of the Magi' bears anti-cancer agents, researchers suggest

Public release date: 4-Dec-2001

Researchers have identified a compound in myrrh, one of the gifts presented to Jesus by the Three Wise Men, that they believe could be developed into a potent anticancer agent. The compound, which kills cancer cells in the laboratory, shows particular promise for the prevention and treatment of breast and prostate cancer, according to the researchers.

The finding is the first to identify an anticancer compound in myrrh, they say. It appears in the current (Nov. 26) print edition of the Journal of Natural Products, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Chemical Society, the world’s largest scientific society. It was published in the Web version of the journal on Oct. 25.

“It’s a very exciting discovery,” says Mohamed M. Rafi, Ph.D., one of the co-researchers in the study and an assistant professor in the department of food science at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey. “I’m optimistic that this compound can be developed into an anticancer drug,” he says. The researcher cautions that the compound has not yet been tested in animals or humans.

As part of a larger search for anticancer compounds from plants, the researchers obtained extracts from a particular species of myrrh plant (Commiphora myrrha) and tested it against a human breast tumor cell line (MCF-7) known to be resistant to anticancer drugs. Research data indicated that the extract killed all of the cancer cells in laboratory dishes.

Further investigations to isolate the active component of the extract found it to be a unique and previously unknown compound belonging to a class called sesquiterpenoids, which are typically found in natural products. Rafi indicated that an increasing number of compounds in this class have been identified as having cytotoxic properties against cancer cell lines, but none has reached the marketing stage.

The myrrh compound appears to kill cancer cells by inactivating a specific protein, called Bcl-2, which is overproduced by cancer cells, particularly in the breast and prostate, the researcher says. Overproduction of this protein is believed to promote the growth of cancer cells and make cells more resistant to chemotherapy. As cancer is influenced by many mechanisms, the investigators are now in the process of trying to determine whether the compound also has other mechanisms of inhibitory action against cancer cells.

On the basis of initial laboratory tests, the compound does not appear to be as strong as conventional chemotherapy drugs, such as paclitaxel (Taxol^®), vinbalstine and vincristine, which are known to be potent cancer killers. These drugs are highly toxic to healthy cells, however, says Rafi.

The researcher estimates that the compound tested is 100 times less potent than paclitaxel. The compound appears to fall within the moderate strength range of other recently discovered phytochemicals (isolated from plants), including resveratrol (from grapes), genestein (from soy) lycopene (from tomatoes) and catechins (from tea). The good news is that these compounds all come from food and are unlikely to be toxic to healthy cells, which could mean fewer side effects as a chemotherapy agent, the researcher says.

Once the compound is better understood, it’s possible that its potency could eventually be increased, the researcher says, who envisions that it could be developed as an oral drug. Rafi predicts that there may be other compounds in myrrh that are more potent than the current anticancer candidate though yet to be isolated from the plant.

Developing any anticancer drug from myrrh may take five to ten years, says Rafi. Animal studies of the current compound are planned. The researchers are in the process of filing a patent on the anticancer compound.

Myrrh is the dried resin obtained from one of several trees of the genus Commiphora. The bitter-tasting, fragrant resin has been used for thousands of years as an ointment, perfume, incense and embalming fluid.

As a medicinal compound, it has been used to kill pain, heal wounds and neutralize bad breath. There is some documentation that some ancient civilizations may have even used the plant to combat cancer. If so, the current study represents the first scientific evidence of its effectiveness, the researchers say.

Today, myrrh can be found in health food stores as an ingredient in natural toothpaste and mouthwash, where it is used as an alternative to fluoride to fight dental decay. It is also available in capsule form, as a tea, and as an extract.

###

Funding for this study was provided by Rutger’s New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station and the New Jersey Commission for Science and Technology. Mohamed M. Rafi, Ph.D., is an assistant professor in the department of food science at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, N.J.

Chi-Tang Ho, Ph.D., is a professor in the department of food science at the university and lead investigator in the study.

Nobel Prize in Physiology & Medicine

Hi Everyone!

Did you see the news article about this year's winners for the Nobel Prize in physiology & medicine ?

"STOCKHOLM, Sweden (Oct. 4) -- American researchers Dr. Richard Axel and Linda B. Buck shared the 2004 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine on Monday for their work on the sense of smell - showing how, for example, a person can smell a lilac in the spring and recall it in the winter.
"Their genetic work revealed a family of ''receptor'' proteins in the nose that recognize odors, and they illuminated how the odor information is transmitted to the brain."This article (which I saw on AOL) went on to say:
"For two scientists to single-handedly map one of the major human senses is unique in the history of science, Nobel assembly chairman Goeran Hansson told the AP...
"The assembly said it's still unclear what the medical and scientific implications of their discoveries will be, but that the work could affect areas as diverse as psychology - to explain why scents often remind us of childhood - and cooking, as scent and taste are deeply connected... "Axel and Buck clarified the intricate biological pathway from the nose to the brain that lets people perceive and recognize smells. A whiff of an odor brings a mix of different molecules into the nose, where each molecule activates
several odor receptors. This pattern of activation is interpreted by the brain, letting people recognize and form memories of about 10,000 different odors, the Nobel Assembly said."
Best wishes,
Carol

Research by two Australian doctors with Eucalyptus and Tea-Tree (Melaleuca) Essential Oils

Research by two Australian doctors with Eucalyptus and Tea-Tree (Melaleuca) Essential Oils
Essential Oils Found to Fight Bacteria
Fri Feb 15, 2004, 11:50 AM ET

DALLAS (Reuters Health) - A pair of orthopedic surgeons report that two essential oils--eucalyptus and tea-tree oil--are surprisingly effective at treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections.
Despite the positive findings, though, others say it is too soon to consider such oils an alternative to antibiotics. The researchers presented their findings here at the 69th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Dr. Eugene Sherry of the University of Sydney in Australia said that, applied to the skin of infected wounds an antibacterial wash derived from Eucalyptus radiata and Melaleuca alternifolia--better known as eucalyptus and tea-tree oil--can work when modern antibiotics fail.
Essential oils like these are mostly used in aromatherapy, Sherry noted. He said that he used the combination "once a day for several months" in a series of 25 patients with MRSA. "Twenty-two of the infections resolved completely," Sherry reported. In 19 patients, the infections resolved without the use of antibiotics, while three patients required antibiotic treatment, he said. Before Sherry applied the solution, he removed dead skin and infected tissue from the wound, a process called debridement. Sixteen of
the infections involved the bone and three had spread to muscle. In addition, 10 of the patients were diabetic, which "makes healing of wounds very difficult," Sherry said in an interview with Reuters Health. Two years ago, Sherry attended a presentation about the antibacterial properties of essential oils and decided to research the subject. He said that he discovered a wealth of 50-year-old research concerning essential oils, but said "all that research was abandoned when modern science discovered antibiotics." When Sherry decided to initiate a trial of eucalyptus and tea-tree oil in MRSA patients, he discovered that Dr. Patrick H. Warnke, an orthopedic surgeon at the University of Kiel in Germany, was pursuing a
parallel study. So the two combined their work to produce the 25-patient MRSA study. Warnke said they are now studying an aerosolized version of the compound in laboratory studies of tuberculosis. When they sprayed the compound on tuberculosis cultures "we wiped out TB, killed it, in 40 minutes. No antibiotic does that," Warnke told Reuters Health. Both doctors said that they have received no funding from the makers of the essential oils, nor do they have financial interests in companies producing the substances. Dr. Harris Gellman, professor of medicine at the University of Miami and a spokesman for the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, said the new study is "interesting and exciting," but the treatment is nowhere
near ready for prime time. Gellman pointed out that although the results are positive, the authors have not provided enough information. For example, he said, the information about the site of the infection, duration before the essential oils treatment, and comparison to a "control" group are all missing from the study. The bottom line, Gellman said, is that "we don't know if these patients would have recovered irrespective of treatment." But even with those caveats, Gellman said he is pleased that orthopaedic surgeons are "finally going back" to evaluate traditional therapies for infection. "Most medicinals come from plants," he noted, "so the natural progression is to look to more plants for more treatments."Dennis Petersen

Berry Young Juice

AGELESSNESS
by Marilee Tolen RN, HNC, CHTP, CHTI

Every 7.7 seconds in North America someone turns 50 years old. As these 80 million 'baby boomers' chronologically advance, the question keeps getting louder. . . "is it possible to slow down, stop, or reverse the physical aging process?" The answer prevails on the periphery of alternative and integrative medicine in the increasingly popular specialty of "Longevity Medicine". Many of the now well known complementary therapies like essential oils, acupuncture, yoga, bodywork, nutrition are intentionally utilized to address health imbalances and prevention diseases. One of the major side effects of these modalities (side effects aren't always negative!) often observed is looking and feeling younger.
There are anti-aging properties in many holistic approaches to health care. Anti-aging/longevity specialists are surfacing in conventional and mainstream medical arenas as the market demands more attention to this 'age old' issue that boomers are now deciding to challenge. One popular approach that is creating much controversy is the prescribing and administration of the Human Growth Hormone (HGH) or Growth Hormone (GH). The Human Growth Hormone is naturally produced in the pituitary gland. It's normal responsibility in the body is to influence the growth of cells, bones, muscles, and organs throughout the body. The secretion of GH normally peaks in the early 20's. The production of GH falls more than 75% from age 20 to age 60. A 60 year old may secrete 1/4 of the GH secreted by a 20 year old. The decline of GH, sometimes called "somatopause", is considered a 'deficiency' by those who believe that the body should maintain high levels of GH throughout life. It is perceived that this deficiency contributes to increased bodyfat, dry skin, loss of hair color, and decreased energy -
otherwise known as - effects of aging. Reported possibilities with administration of GH (by ongoing injections or oral substance) are restoration of muscle mass and strength, decreased body fat, improved vision and memory, and increased energy. Until the mid 1980's the source of HGH were pituitary glands of cadavers. Now it is being genetically engineered. HGH has historically been used medically for GH
insufficiency which is found in a condition called Turner's Syndrome and also in Progressive Chronic Renal Insufficiency - both of which result in short stature. Now, GH is much more varied in it's indications for use especially in the anti-aging industry. The best and most natural way to approach increasing Human Growth
Hormone levels is helping the body to stimulate its own production. Some Reports say that weight lifting is one of the best ways to naturally increase HGH. Critics say that ingesting hormones gives the body false messages.
DHEA (dehydroepiandosterone) is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands and also considered a steroid (although not 'anabolic' - muscle building) and has been popular in the past few years for it's youthful effects (although not well researched). DHEA levels also decline around age 25. As this is considered the 'mother hormone', many attribute this decline to onsets of aging and beginning stages of degenerative
disease. DHEA replacement is now falling back in the pack of anti-aging forerunners.

Norman Shealey MD, founder of the American Holistic Medical Association, has written extensively on DHEA. Dr. Shealy rarely recommends supplementation as much as he advises towards natural ways to increase DHEA levels. His current work with "The Ring of Fire" helps to increase DHEA levels naturally in the body by utilizing the energy meridians and acu-points.
One of the most basic and natural approaches to anti-aging is through utilization of energy - both on a physical level and a subtle level. On a physical level, exercise greatly contributes to the increase in cellular oxygen. According to Dr. William Campbell Douglass, author of Stop Aging or Slow the Process - when cells don't get enough oxygen they degenerate and die, and when a person doesn't get enough oxygen they degenerate and die. Nutritional support from whole foods greatly affects the cells ability to utilize oxygen and maintain the integrity of the cell. Taking in an adequate amount of antioxidants will do much to attack the free radical damage which is responsible for cellular and tissue breakdown, and consequently visible signs of aging.
Antioxidants are now measured in a scale that was designed at Tufts University called the ORAC scale. The ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity), designed by USDA researchers, compare antioxidant levels of fruits and vegetables. Strawberries and blueberries measure in the range of 2000 – 4000 on this scale. The Ningxia Wolfberry from China is found to be the best antioxidant food in the world measuring over 30,000 on the ORAC scale. Gary Young ND has developed a juice blend of all high antioxidant fruits that include the Ningxia Wolfberry called Berry Young Juice.

Interestingly, essential oils have extremely high anti oxidant abilities. The essential oil of clove, in the therapeutic form (organically grown and Grade A distilled) measures over 10 million on the ORAC scale.

On a subtle energetic level (atoms and sub-atomic particles - the part of our anatomy that precedes the physical body) recognition and implementation of mind-body therapies are reported to change cellular physiology. According to experts with a holistic philosophy this is where true anti-aging effects take place. These are the invisible yet profound parts of us - like the positive mental attitude, ability to access joy, love, humor, and faith. Dr.. Maxwell Maltz, author of Psychocybernetics, alludes to this concept in his book.
Dr. Maltz is a Plastic surgeon who noted that 'happiness' levels and feelings of youthfulness did not change in many individuals whom had plastic surgery to look younger. The message here is that eternal youth comes from within and is reflected in the physical body. Continuous balancing of the energy bodies (vibrational approaches as based in ancient times and cultures) whether through yoga, acupuncture, therapeutic essential oils, sounding, or energy work, along with physical support of these processes through exercise, nutrition and detoxification, hold the longest track record for anti-aging effects.

It is the opinion of the author who is practiced in many of these modalities is that there is no better approach to anti-aging that the simultaneous physical and energetic support. Therapeutic grade essential oils are that exact combination and the place to find the best oils in the world that can support the physical and energetic bodies together is Young Living Essential Oils.
To Order Berry Young Juice Contact: Theresa LeGarie

Bees: The First Aromatherapists

Bees: The First Aromatherapists
by David Stewart, Ph.D., R.A.

You could call it Sex in Advertising. Contrary to what you may think, the first to employ sex in advertising were not people. It was plants. In order to attract insects to pollinate them, plant's most common device is to produce oily compounds that imitate sexual pheromones. Pheromones are fragrant chemicals secreted by animals to attract the opposite sex for purposes of reproduction. By producing sexually attractive
fragrances, plants trick either the male and/or the female of a species to visit them and carry pollen from one flower to another.

These imitation pheromones comprise many of the fragrances we love in essential oils which have been the foundation of the perfume business for thousands of years. They are aphrodisiac to many members of the animal kingdom and they are aphrodisiac to us. Plants and flowers have seduced us all, and we love it.

Bees as the First Aromatherapists
There are some 600 species of orchids that enlist the aid of bees for pollination. They are called “bee orchids.” There is also a corresponding group of bees, called “euglossine bees.” These orchids and these bees were made for each other.

Euglossine bees come in about 175 brightly colored species in five genera. They are not like honey bees. They don’t live in colonies, nor do they make honey. Their specialty is in collecting fragrance chemicals (i.e. essential oils). They are natural born aromatherapists.

Most flowers will reward their insect pollinators with either a nectar (sugar water stored in the flower's cup) or pollen (a high protein food). However, the group of orchids that euglossine bees pollinate bear flowers with no nectar and no pollen that can serve as food. So there are no sweet or nourishing rewards to entice them to visit. What the flowers do offer are copious quantities of fragrant essential oils that the bees love—the male bees, that is. The female bees could care less and never visit the flowers. This is a case where
pollination is exclusively by male bees only.

Among these 600 species of orchids, more than sixty different aromatic compounds have been identified with each plant employing at least a dozen of them in fashioning their particular perfume to entice the male bees. The compounds identified are common to many plants other than orchids. These include 1,8 cineol (found in eucalyptus, rosemary, ravensara, and dozens of other plants), benzyl cetate (found in jasmine, ylang ylang, and Roman chamomile), and a-pinene (found in pine, frankincense, galbanum, the rose of sharon, and hundreds of others).

When a male bee comes to visit an orchid soliciting its attention, it does not look for pollen or nectar. It goes straight for the fragrant oils of the flower. He begins by emitting a blend of his own oils onto the oil droplets of the orchid. The bee’s oil gland is in his head and acts as a solvent to facilitate gathering up the orchid’s oil secretions. Using brushes on his front pair of feet, he scrubs the plant surface and mops up the mixture until the mopheads on his feet are saturated and unable to hold any more. This takes about 30 seconds. Then, hovering over the petals, he quickly transfers the accumulated perfume to storage
containers in his hind legs. Amazingly, the chambers within the hind legs then separate the bees solvent oils from those of the flower and return it to the bee’s head for reuse. What remains in the hind leg pouches is pure orchid oil.

After working for a time at accumulating a cache of oil, the bee then begins to act strangely, slipping and falling down, as if he were drunk and out of his head in ecstasy. This may go on for an hour or more, as the bee blissfully enjoys the fragrances it has gathered. It appears that the fragrances that so attract the male bee imitate the sex pheromones of the females.

Meanwhile, the orchid does not let the bee escape without a load of pollen. This it accomplished by a trigger mechanism that shoots a pollen packet at the bee with considerable force, knocking him down, but ensuring that the pollen sticks to his body. Thus the pollen is transferred to the next orchid.

Besides the enjoyment of their mood elevating qualities, what does the male euglossine bee get of his efforts to harvest the essential oils of the orchid flower? Longevity is one of the benefits. Without gathering these fragrances from these flowers, the male bees have shortened life spans and reduced fertility.

Thus, the first aromatherapists were not people. Bees, not humans, were the first to gather and concentrate essential oils for personal health, pleasure, longevity, hormonal balance, and, perhaps, even for emotional release. Who knows?

NOTE: The extract above is from Dr. Stewart's new book to be released in the Fall of 2004. It is to be called
The Chemistry of Essential Oils Made Simple and its subtitle is God's Love Manifest in Molecules.
425 pages, its price will be $29.95

Research and Development

TIP OF THE MONTH: Always skin test an essential oil before using it. Each person's body is different, so apply oils to a small area first. Apply one oil or oil blend at a time. When layering oils that are new to you, allow enough time (15-30 minutes) for the body to respond before applying a second oil.

One of D. Gary Young's new booklets, Pregnenolone: A Radical New Approach to Health, Longevity, and Emotional Well-Being, elicited cheers when Gary announced it had been printed; and within two hours, the booklet was sold out.

Distributors were elated to find a compilation of exciting research on this little-known hormone precursor. As Dr. Young explained, pregnenolone is made from cholesterol in the body; and in turn, pregnenolone can be synthesized into a number of hormones: estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, DHEA, aldosterone, cortisol, etc. It is the master hormone from which all the steroid hormones are derived.

One reason that most people have not heard much about pregnenolone has to do with drug companies and profits. Dr. Young told how pregnenolone research in the early 1940s was very promising and showed pregnenolone is effective in relieving arthritis pain, reducing PMS and menopausal symptoms, fighting stress and fatigue, improving memory, and lifting mood. But just as this research was being printed in medical journals, the discovery of synthetic cortisone was announced.

Cortisone showed powerful and immediate effectiveness against arthritis. Drug companies could patent their laboratory version of cortisone and make a huge profit. Pregnenolone is a natural substance and not patentable. Because synthetic cortisone was so fast-acting and offered great profit potential, pregnenolone research was basically abandoned.

It was not discovered until later that synthetic cortisone had terrifying side-effects (immune system suppression and osteoporosis being the two most devastating). Pregnenolone has been shown to be virtually free of side effects. A man in one pregnenolone study did develop a temporary rash; while in another study on memory, a participant reported the "side effect" of decreased symptoms of arthritis!

The beneficial effects of pregnenolone on arthritis and other bone, joint, and muscle diseases are well documented. In two studies on ankylosing spondylitis -- an inflammatory disease of the joints that causes back pain and stiffening -- patients showed marked improvement when treated with pregnenolone.1

Neurobiologist Dr. Eugene Roberts studied the arthritis research from the 1940s and 1950s and said: "Treatment with PREG can be maintained indefinitely without apparent harmful effects and is much less expensive than with ACTH or cortisone or with other anti-inflammatory steroids."2

Scientists and researchers are again looking at the value of pregnenolone. The research that Dr. Young found establishes how pregnenolone declines in the body more than 60 percent between the ages of 35 and 75. Along with this natural bodily decline, our bodies have had to deal with a decrease in the building block of pregnenolone: cholesterol. "Low-cholesterol" or "no-cholesterol" has been pounded into the heads of health-conscious consumers. While the cholesterol link to heart disease is under question today, cholesterol-lowering drugs are causing a hormone imbalance. Without cholesterol there is no pregnenolone, which in turn creates hormones.

The lack of cholesterol (and thus pregnenolone) in our diets may be the cause of many cases of depression. Dr. William Regelson writes that "a recent study conducted by the National Institutes of Mental health showed that people with depression have lower than normal amounts of pregnenolone in their cerebral spinal fluid (the fluid that bathes the brain)."

Spinal cord injuries may be minimized with pregenolone according to a number of rat studies. Dr. Eugene Roberts, would like to see a pregnenolone cream placed in first aid kits for use on the spine following earthquakes or accidents.4

Menopause is a dreaded ordeal for millions of women who choose not to use estrogen replacement therapy because of a four to eight times higher incidence of uterine cancer. The pharmaceutical companies came up with "hormone replacement therapy" where they combine synthetic progesterone with conjugated equine estrogen. The majority of female consumers of this therapy are probably unaware that the estrogen they are taking is not natural to the human body and comes from pregnant mare's urine (PMU). Dr. John R. Lee, notes that 52 percent of the estrogens in this concoction are the horse estrogens equilin and equilenin which are not natural to humans.5

Dr. Young talked about how the synthetic estrogens and progesterones "plug" the body's receptor sites. "All of your prescription drugs are based on petrochemicals and these chemicals plug receptor sites creating even a greater imbalance, and suppressing and compromising immune function." He explained the value of the Raindrop Technique where certain oils are dropped along the spine. "Along the spine happens to be one of the largest accumulations of receptor nerve sites, and that's why Raindrop Technique works so specifically. When the oils get in there and can start stimulating nerve transmission, that's very, very important. When you put the oils with pregnenolone, then they carry the pregnenolone into the cell structure to start that cell's rejuvenation. It is win, win, win and balance, balance, balance," Gary said.

Wouldn't it make more sense to use a natural substance in hormone replacement therapy? The best thing about pregnenolone is that it is completely natural. The human body, the true "master chemist," transforms pregnenolone into the hormones the body is lacking. Estrogen, progesterone, or testosterone -- it all depends on what is needed most.

Men are also susceptible to the age-related loss of pregnenolone in the body. They needn't fear that pregnenolone might be turned into a female hormone. Research on memory by Rahmawhati Sih, Ph.D., showed that after older men and women were given pregnenolone, the memory tests that were given three hours later showed gender variation. The women rated higher in verbal recall while men improved in visual spatial tasks that required three-dimensional thinking. Dr. William Regelson reviewed this research in his book The Super Hormone Promise: Nature's Antidote to Aging and wrote that Dr. Sih's "results suggest that pregnenolone is being broken down differently in men and women; that is, it appears to have a testosterone-like effect in men and an estrogen-like effect in women."

YOUNG LIVING PRODUCTS WITH PREGNENOLONE:

EndoBalance
NeuroGen
PD 80/20
Prenolone
Prenolone +
ProMist
Regenolone

Toxicity Myths ­ the Actual Risks of Essential Oil Use

Toxicity Myths ­ the Actual Risks of Essential Oil Use
by Ron Guba Part 3
Essential Oils and Medical Conditions:

There are other, oft-repeated statements about the use of essential oils in certain medical conditions (it does seem that many Aromatherapy statements are copied from author to author to author…):

“Essential oils not to be used with high blood pressure”

The essential oils of Hyssop, Rosemary, Sage and Thyme are most often listed as oils “not to be used in high blood pressure” (51, 52). I am not certain where these statements originated from, but there is no
support to be found anywhere in available literature. No such contraindications appear in herbal texts (53, 54), in more scientifically based phytotherapy texts (55, 56) nor in French Aromatherapy texts. (57, 58)
Some essential oils have been shown to have hypotensive effects in laboratory animals, such as Garlic, Tagetes, Geranium and True Lavender. (59) Only one essential oil, Clary Sage, was shown to produce a slight increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. (60) However, these effects generally take huge dosages, Clary Sage required a dose of 1.0 gram per kg ­ about 70 grams for an average adult!
In summary, neither evidence nor experience supports the above statements. Such essential oils will not create negative effects in either low or high blood pressure conditions.

“Essential oils not to be used in epilepsy”

The essential oils of Sweet Fennel, Hyssop, Sage and Wormwood are often listed as contraindicated in the case of epilepsy. (61) In this case, such contraindications do have a basis in fact. Large doses of
monoterpenic ketones, notably pinocamphone. thujone, camphor and pulegone, have been found to create epileptiform seizures in both animals and humans.(62) This would include, then, the more common essential oils of Wormwood, Mugwort, Buchu, Hyssop, Pennyroyal, Sage and Thuja. Hence, those with epilepsy (as well as people with high fevers) have a lower threshold to CNS (central nervous system) stimulant effects of oils containing large amounts of these ketonic compounds.
How Sweet Fennel entered the picture, I am not sure. Dr. Jean Valnet mentions in his book, The Practice of Aromatherapy, “In high doses, fennel causes convulsions (in direct contrast to aniseed). (I assume in animals ­ italics mine) The essence makes animals timid.”
To comment, firstly no dosages are mentioned (I would assume a large dose). Interestingly, both Sweet Fennel and Anise Seed oils contain high amounts of trans-anethole (up to 70% and 96%, respectively). If anethole were the responsible agent, similar actions would be seen.
I theorise that a “Bitter” Fennel (Foeniculum vulare var. vulgare) may have been used. The ketone, fenchone, with potential epileptic effects at high doses, is present at up to 18% in the essential oil,
whereas Sweet Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce) contains generally less than 3%. (63)
No other study suggests this potential effect of either Sweet or Bitter Fennel oil. Given the available information, there is no reason to not use Sweet Fennel, certainly, even in those with epilepsy.
Lastly, people whose epileptic seizures are under full control by medication, do not then appear to any more sensitive to such essential oils then those without epilepsy. Low-dose topical uses of such essential oils should be without incident. (64) Such contraindications (even for low-dose topical use) would most
specifically be true for those with uncontrolled epilepsy, or those with high fevers.

“Essential oils as kidney irritants”

Juniper “Berries” (Juniperus communis ssp. communis) and the essential oil derived from them, have long been indicated as a useful diuretic. (65)
However, since the late 1800’s onwards, Juniper essential oil (and other high-terpene hydrocarbon containing essential oils, such as in various Pinus species) has been suggested to be a kidney irritant, that
should not be used on a long-term basis nor during acute kidney disease. Such statements are still mentioned in a number of Aromatherapy texts. It appears that the origin of these statements came from the use of large, fatal doses of Juniper oil being given to dogs. Such high doses cause clouding of the urine, which was then assumed to be due to kidney damage. It appears, though, that such cloudiness was simply due to the presence of large quantities of Juniper oil metabolites.
More recent studies using laboratory rats have found no kidney damage, even when high oral doses of Juniper oil were given.
The authors hypothesised that the reputation of Juniper oil as a kidney irritant may have come from the use of essential oils containing high levels of the monoterpene hydrocarbons, a- & ß-pinene. The Juniper
oil used in the study was said to have low levels of pinenes. (66) This study does highlight the non-irritancy of Juniper Berry oil. But the further hypothesis regarding the irritancy of pinenes does appear to be unfounded.
Both Juniper Berry and Juniper branches/berries essential oil contain significant amounts of a- & ß-pinene, as well as other terpene hydrocarbons (Juniper Berry ­ a-pinene up to 46%, sabinene up to 28%,
myrcene up to 8% and Juniper branches/berries ­ a-pinene from 40 to 90%, sabinene from 10 to 40%). (67) Given such similarities in terpene hydrocarbon content, such a hypothesis is not supported.
Further, a number of reports concerning the ingestion of massive amounts (up to 500mL) of Pine essential oil (from Pinus pinaster and related species), which generally consists of up to 90% of a- &
ß-pinene, do not show any kidney dysfunction nor damage. Arguably, both gastric lavage and hemoperfusion are generally employed to reduce the quantity of essential oil compounds from both the stomach and the blood circulation (a lethal dose of “Pine” oil is approximately from 60 to 120mL). Nevertheless large quantities of metabolites, such as bornyl acetate are still excreted via the kidneys over a number of days. (68)
Of all the essential oil compounds, only apiol (as in Parsley Seed oil) has been shown to create kidney damage, as observed in post-mortem studies. Obviously, these represented large, fatal doses of apiol; the
lowest acute fatal dose was 6.3 grams, while up to a dose of 19 grams has been survived. (69)
Given the comparatively tiny doses that would be used in Aromatherapy treatments, even orally, we can see that such dosages do not pose any threat to the kidneys, even with extended use. Of course,
acute (such as glomerulonephritis) or advanced kidney disease (such as requiring dialysis) is where caution must be taken, not just for such essential oils, but for a wide variety of drugs.

Essential oils and other medical conditions:

There are both known and potential contraindications for the use of essential oils in certain medical conditions (such as high-menthol containing essential oils in heart disease with cardiac fibrillation)
and combined with other drugs (such as using high-methyl salicylate containing oils in conjunction with warfarin anti-coagulant therapy).
With the exception of the two above examples, such contraindications are for the oral ingestion of essential oils, not topical applications. (70)

Essential Oil “First Aid”

As with most medicinal drugs, whether of a “synthetic” or a “natural” origin, the compounds present in essential oils have the potential to create serious, even fatal toxic effects, if ingested in overly large quantities.
There are numerous cases reported in toxicological literature regarding both serious (non-fatal) and fatal outcomes of essential oil ingestion in both children and adults. These cases are generally due to accidental ingestion by young children, attempts at creating abortions in past years and the use of
essential oils for suicide attempts. There are more rare cases of toxic effects due to overly large doses of specific essential oils being “self-prescribed”, “prescribed” to children by parents or prescribed to
clients by ill-informed therapists.
Most essential oil compounds have a “non-specific” toxic effect, whereby the absorption of these lipophilic compounds into cellular membranes can eventually lead to disruption of membrane permeability.
The primary toxic outcome is that of the disruption of ion channel function in nerve cells, first affecting the heart and central nervous system, leading to cardiac and respiratory depression. (71) To create such effects, however, require huge dosages, in the order of 300mL and beyond.
Certain aromatic compounds, most notably 1,8 cineole (as in many Eucalyptus species), camphor (borneone) (as an isolated compound or as in Rosmarinus officinalis CT camphor and Lavandula latifolia) and methyl salicylate (as a synthetically derived compound or as in Gaultheria procumbens) have specific toxic effects at much lower doses. These compounds make up the bulk of both serious and fatal poisonings in children and adults, due not just to their toxicity, but to the common availability of products containing these compounds and their reputed beneficial properties. (72)
Given the rapid and almost complete absorption of essential oils ingested orally, this route of administration has the highest potential for toxic effects.
First aid measures for ingestion of significant amounts of particularly toxic essential oils (such as more than 2mL of high-cineole Eucalyptus oils in young children) is straightforward: take the child to
the nearest hospital emergency room or at least call or a Poisons Information Centre for instructions. The vast majority of accidental essential oil ingestion in children result in few, if any symptoms and resolve safely with no medical intervention. (73)
It is often difficult to determine just how much of an essential oil (or any product) a young child has ingested. If toxic symptoms do begin to develop, gastric lavage, hemodialysis and other supportive
medical measures may well be necessary. To attempt to either dilute the stomach contents by giving burnt toast (or activated charcoal), milk or other foods or to try to induce vomiting is not recommended. Either
approach, if vomiting occurs, has the potential to allow these volatile compounds to enter the lungs, potentially creating aspiration pneumonia. (74)
“Aromatic Medicine”, or the use of essential oils as ingested herbal medicines by trained physicians and complementary therapists, has not been responsible for any severe cases of toxicity. As with any
“drug”, if an appropriate dose is used (with essential oils, this is often in the range of only 100 to 300 mg per day), toxicity is not an issue.
In the case of the more common practices in Aromatherapy, we are speaking of topical applications ­ in the form of essential oil preparations used in massage treatments, in baths, etc. or in the form of “low dose” inhalations.
Such applications do not create any acute or chronic systemic toxicity ­ the amounts absorbed into the body and the dosages used are far too low.
However, such applications do have the potential to create problems, which include phototoxicity, sensitization and irritant reactions.

Phototoxicity is due to the capacity of various furanocoumarin compounds found in small amounts in some essential oils (most notably, expressed Bergamot and Lime oils, Tagetes, Cumin and Angelica Root; to a lesser degree, the expressed oils of Bitter Orange, Lemon and Grapefruit) to absorb and store ultraviolet wavelengths. This UV radiation is then released in a short, concentrated burst.
When essential oils such as expressed Bergamot are topically applied and the skin exposed to significant amounts of UV radiation in the form of sunlight or tanning beds, a bad “sunburn” is the common
result. In more serious cases this can lead to quite extensive 2nd degree burns.
Another common outcome is that of berloque dermatitis, where patches of overly-pigmented skin develop, which can last for many years.
Lastly, there is evidence to support the promotion of skin cancer, caused by repeated exposure to UV light of mouse skin treated with Bergamot oil (with bergapten as the responsible agent). However, such
results required extensive repeated exposures (5 days per week for 75 weeks), with mice thought to be less capable of repairing DNA damage as compared to humans. Hence, given common uses of such essential oils, carcinogenesis is not an area for concern. (75)
On a more positive note, evidence suggests that the use of photosensitizing essential oils such as Bergamot, along with the use of a sunscreen preparation, provides better protection against UV-induced
skin damage than the use of a sunscreen alone. (76)
First Aid measures - first and foremost should be the provision of appropriate label warnings on packages of any photosensitizing essential oil available for public sale. This is presently far too often not the
case.
In the case of a phototoxic “sunburn” developing, it should be treated as any other burn. If applied soon after exposure, both Vitamin E acetate (up to a 25% concentration) and panthenol (up to a 5% concentration) are excellent at quenching the “free radicals” produced by UV exposure, significantly reducing erythmea and burning. (77)
In terms of treating a burn, there is a good body of both clinical and anecdotal evidence for the wound healing effects of various essential oils (notably True Lavender ­ Lavandula angustifolia, Everlasting ­ Helichrysm italicum and the carbon dioxide extract of Calendula flowers ­ Calendula officinalis), polyunsaturated vegetable oils (such as Rose Hip ­ Rosa rubiginosa) and a variety of herbal extracts (such as the infused oil of Gotu Kola ­ Centella asiatica). (78)
Sensitization refers to the development of an allergic skin reaction to certain aromatic compounds present in some essential oils. Responsible compounds penetrate the epidermis, bind to skin proteins and
provoke an immune reaction that leads to the production of histamine and other irritant compounds by basophils and mast cells. A skin rash or eczema is the usual outcome and subsequent exposure to even tiny amounts of the sensitizing compound can elicit the same response, as well as creating cross-sensitivities to other compounds. (79)
In sensitive individuals, the skin reaction can create quite extensive skin damage, as I have personally witnessed in the case of a friend applying undiluted Tea Tree oil to a small foot wound ­ both feet
developed extensive lesions and required up to six weeks to fully heal.
The compounds most often responsible for sensitization include sesquiterpene lactones (such as costuslactone in Costus and alantolactone in Elecampane), cinnamic aldehyde (as in Cinnamon bark ­
C. zeylanicum and C. cassia) and oxidized hydrocarbons (such as d-limonene in citrus oils; delta-3-carene, a- & b-pinene as in various Pinus ssp.).
Of potentially sensitizing essential oils, it is Cinnamon oil, old citrus and old pine oils that are commonly available to the public and present the highest risk. The commonly available oils of Tea Tree, Star
Anise, Ylang Ylang and the citral-containing oils of Lemongrass and May Chang pose a slighter risk. (80)
Sensitization reactions (which are relatively rare) can develop in any healthy individual. However, it is clear that individuals already with “hypersensitive” skin and/or present allergies (including those
suffering from eczema, psoriasis and asthma) are more prone to allergic reactions with essential oils.
The most prudent approach, especially for those with present allergic conditions, is to do a simple “patch test” with potentially sensitizing essential oils first. This can be done by preparing a 5% to 10% dilution of the essential oil in question in vegetable oil and applying a few drops to the inner forearm, covering with a “band aid”.
Generally, any sensitization reaction will occur within 24 to 48 hours. Repeat the application twice to be the most certain. If a sensitization reaction does occur to any essential oil, obviously it’s use should be discontinued immediately. Other “risky” essential oils or potential cross-sensitizers should only be used with
caution. The allergic reaction to an individual compound can disappear over time ­ but a patch test before using would be highly advised.
The common treatment for an allergic reaction would be the use of either prescribed or OTC corticosteroid preparations.
Alternatively, some practitioners, including myself, have had anecdotal success with the application of essential oils and herbal extracts with anti-inflammatory properties.
I have personally found the application of a 5% dilution of the carbon dioxide extracts of German Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) and Calendula (Calendula officinalis) in a “hypo-allergenic”, vegetable
oil-based cream to be useful in quenching allergic reactions.

Irritation reactions are not allergic in nature, but represent a level of direct skin damage, followed by an inflammatory response. Irritation reactions arise quickly and are dependent on the amount of the compound applied.
Of essential oils that are commonly available to the public, those containing large amounts of phenols, aromatic aldehydes and oxidized hydrocarbons pose the most risk. This includes the commonly available
essential oils of Cinnamon (bark and leaf), Clove (bud and leaf), Thyme, Oregano, Savoury, Pimento and old, oxidized citrus and pine oils.
As volatile, lipophilic compounds, any essential oil can be irritating if applied to sensitive mucous membranes or skin ­ eyes, genitals, etc. The common Aromatherapy application of using essential
oils in baths (by “floating” them on the surface of the bath water) also increases the potential irritancy of essential oils.
This is another area where the inclusion of appropriate caution statements, use instructions and realistic expiry dates on essential oil packages for public sale would be highly recommended.
The first aid for irritancy reactions is to remove the essential oil as quickly as possible from the skin and/or mucous membranes.
The common method suggested is to wash the affected skin with soap and water and then rinse with water liberally. It has been found with essential oils, however, that the use of water can often increase the
skin irritation initially.
I have found a more effective method is to use a vegetable oil. In this method, apply any vegetable oil to the affected area. Remove with an absorbent towel or cloth. Apply the vegetable oil again and remove,
from three to six times. The vegetable oil removes the essential oil with no irritation.
This method also is excellent for mucous membrane irritation, such as in irritation of the eyes. A bland vegetable oil is used as an eyebath, instead of water or saline solution. I have had the occasion to
use this method myself, accidentally having a large amount of Red Thyme oil splashed into my eyes. The vegetable oil method was very effective, with any eye irritation abating without ten minutes of use.

Summary

In this presentation, I have attempted to cover the fundamental “toxicity myths” that appear in Aromatherapy literature and training courses. There are other topics that can be considered further, such as
the appropriate use of essential oils with children and issues concerning carcinogenic potential.
I personally see no problem in authors and trainers suggesting cautious levels of use. However, I would hope to see such statements given be based on the actual known facts of potential toxicity.
Such statements and recommendations would then be given, not as an “absolute” or as a “forbidden”, but based on personal preference and philosophy.
The present Aromatherapy recommendations commonly given are more than cautious. I sense they are creating more a mood of fear amongst both practitioners and public.
The results in public perception are more prone to the attraction of lawsuits (what do you do if a pregnant client wants to sue you after having received a massage with True Lavender oil and then had a
miscarriage?).
There is also then, a level of suppression of the free and discriminative exploration of the therapeutic possibilities of essential oils, which, we must be clear, are not going to be studied by large pharmaceutical corporations anytime in the foreseeable future. Essential oil compounds are too “simple” and cannot be patented. Hence, there is no present incentive for serious research money to be expended on
“Aromatic Medicine”.
In contrast, there are certainly negative, toxic aspects to the misuse and overdosing of essential oils.
For products available to the public, clear instructions and appropriate cautions should be given. As well, the inclusion of “dropper inserts”, so that liquids are only dispensed slowly as measured drops, should be the requirement for all undiluted essential oils and “fragrance” oils (“perfume” oils ­ mixtures of essential oil isolates, synthetic fragrance compounds, etc.).
Experience strongly suggests that these types of “restrictive flow” inserts would do more to prevent accidental childhood poisonings than child-resistant closures alone.
For those who would use essential oils as a form of complementary therapy, I suggest that training should take into account all aspects of the safe use of essential oils. The common “myths” should be excluded and the real potential for negative effects should be fully understood.

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79. Ibid.